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			<td><h1>Less Than Zero</h1></td>
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			<div id="results_count">53 Threads found on edaboard.com: <strong>Less Than Zero</strong></div>
		
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread358055.html" rel="nofollow">bandwidth of digital control design in conventional dc-dc converter</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">max loop bandwidth should also be well <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> the RHPZ fequency, (assuming you are in CCM).</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Power Electronics :: 08-14-2016 16:31 :: treez :: Replies: <strong>2</strong> :: Views: <strong>449</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread349471.html" rel="nofollow">&quot;Less than 2 connections at node&quot; error message in pspice</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Most easily achieved by omitting use<strong>less</strong> R6. Otherwise must connect a dummy resistor from RG node to ground, e.g. Gohm value.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Software Problems, Hints and Reviews :: 01-14-2016 16:16 :: FvM :: Replies: <strong>6</strong> :: Views: <strong>1512</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread346751.html" rel="nofollow">Choosing Varistor for AC motor Application.</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">THe Triac is rated for 600Vp and the motor locked rotor current is (5.02 Amps rms)
So the voltage of the MOV must be <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 600V at the rated locked rotor current when the triac is open circuit.

The QUestion is, what is the inductive energy stored in a "locked rotor" or motor changing direction at <strong>zero</strong> speed, when switched off that must (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Professional Hardware and Electronics Design :: 11-12-2015 16:22 :: SunnySkyguy :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>900</strong>
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								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread341933.html" rel="nofollow">Voltage less than one threshold voltage</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">I want a circuit that inputs V volts and outputs V-Vth volts, where Vth is the threshold voltage of a pMOS or nMOS.
Is a circuit possible? I tried with pass-transistors, its not happening.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 07-31-2015 20:14 :: Debdut :: Replies: <strong>6</strong> :: Views: <strong>715</strong>
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		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread340525.html" rel="nofollow">flyback transformer working</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">When secondary current falls to <strong>zero</strong>, there may still be some residual magnetic energy stored in the core which leads to a ringing waveform in the primary.

This is a result of having <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 100% perfect coupling between primary and secondary. The looser the coupling, the more likely the voltage waveforms in primary and secondary will (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Power Electronics :: 07-04-2015 23:55 :: Warpspeed :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>318</strong>
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								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread326737.html" rel="nofollow">trigger on peak in AC waveform</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">I'm sure there are many ways to solve the problem, but the decision would be always based on detail informations that are missing in your posts yet. You say e.g. the frequency range is 20 to 200 Hz which sounds <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> perfect for an ignition unit that should preferably work from "<strong>zero</strong>" speed upwards.

Other points are noise and possible (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 11-16-2014 11:39 :: FvM :: Replies: <strong>9</strong> :: Views: <strong>1181</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread312853.html" rel="nofollow">Back annotating SDF - Sum of two annotated limits are less than zero</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">I got this warning when back annotating an sdf file. What exactly does it mean and will it cause any problems?

ncelab: *W,SDFNL2 (,35120|7): The sum of the two annotated limits to $setuphold, $recovery or $recrem timing checks are <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> for instance :UUTreg , setting negative limit(s) to 0 <...sdf, line 17994>.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; ASIC Design Methodologies and Tools (Digital) :: 03-30-2014 20:59 :: dw_man :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>1208</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread299952.html" rel="nofollow">Verilog hdl code 1hz</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">This is nothing but just a clock divider code.
If the input clock is 50MHz, then the output will be 1Hz,
means its a divide by 50,000,000.

But there are mistakes here
1. If you really want 1Hz, then you should give 24999999, instead of 25000000, because the counter includes the <strong>zero</strong>, or you can put the <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> (< ) operator instead of (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; PLD, SPLD, GAL, CPLD, FPGA Design :: 10-01-2013 05:48 :: imbichie :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>1843</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread298375.html" rel="nofollow">BackEMF for BLDC is not correct</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hi all,
Im working on BLDC sensor<strong>less</strong> algorithm using <strong>zero</strong> cross detection but i have a weird problem, the back emf appears when duty cycle is 100% is
95966
and with duty cycle <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 100 is
95967
while ideally when phase goes from low to high or vice versa, its in slope form, but it is not th</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Electromagnetic Design and Simulation :: 09-10-2013 05:41 :: ashugtiwari :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>461</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread284015.html" rel="nofollow">Logic low is not zero volts but another voltage?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Each logic family specifies its input requirements to recognize a logic one or <strong>zero</strong> as VIL and VIH.
For example for TTL ViH =0.8v and VIH=2.0v. Any value <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> .8v is considered a logic <strong>zero</strong> and Any value greater <strong>than</strong> 2.0v is considered a logic one. An input between .8v and 2.4v is invalid.
Similarly the (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 03-24-2013 19:25 :: albert22 :: Replies: <strong>10</strong> :: Views: <strong>1375</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread281318.html" rel="nofollow">'Comparison' in assembly language</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Maybe subtract your desired number (which is 6), then do: 

BEQ (branch if equal to <strong>zero</strong>)
BNE (if not equal)
BMI (if minus)
BLT (if <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong>)
BGT (if greater <strong>than</strong>)

The 'branch' command jumps forward or backward the stated number of bytes (in two's complement).</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Microcontrollers :: 03-01-2013 05:15 :: BradtheRad :: Replies: <strong>8</strong> :: Views: <strong>998</strong>
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		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread281083.html" rel="nofollow">I have doubt in basic c</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">If X is an 8-bit value it can't be more <strong>than</strong> 255 and a check for <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> is meaning<strong>less</strong> if it's an unsigned value so I'm guessing it's an 'int' (signed).

It isn't a function in the programming sense, it's a query.  It reads as "if the value of X is more <strong>than</strong> 255 or the value of X is (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Microcontrollers :: 02-23-2013 10:18 :: betwixt :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>570</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread278190.html" rel="nofollow">Question about thermocouple circuit</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">I think, R4 is intended to achieve safe behavior in case of wire break. I don't exactly understand what you intended by omitting it?

The shown TC amplifier is <strong>less</strong>-<strong>than</strong>-perfect, because TC respectively wire resistance have a certain effect on <strong>zero</strong> and scale. It might be a problem either with long wires or very thin TCs that can have up to (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 01-27-2013 16:50 :: FvM :: Replies: <strong>5</strong> :: Views: <strong>932</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread278172.html" rel="nofollow">Accelerometer Question</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">How do I know if the accelerometer is 0 degree or 180 degree when they have same output value?You'll get more ambiguities by rotating the accelerometer around other axes. For an unequivocal detection of spatial orientation, you need not <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 3 orthogonal accelerometer channels.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 01-24-2013 19:14 :: FvM :: Replies: <strong>5</strong> :: Views: <strong>590</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
				<div class="result_box">
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				<center>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread269987.html" rel="nofollow">idiot-proof adjustible voltage generator for near-zero-current draw application?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hi, I have an all-digital design that would benefit greatly from the ability to add fine-grained, in-the-field adjustable delays significantly <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> one gate delay (FO4).  These delays are not critical to functionality -- if they don't work, the chip won't be a total loss; it will simply underperform.

My plan is to include current-starved in</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) Design, Layout and Fabrication :: 10-29-2012 00:26 :: quantized :: Replies: <strong>2</strong> :: Views: <strong>566</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread265322.html" rel="nofollow">why there should be n well spacing</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">There's a manufacturability gap where you can't reliably 
pattern below a certain spacing. <strong>zero</strong> gets merged, any
as-printed spacing <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> your well depth has a chance 
of the implant drive connecting them anyway.

Then there's the question of just what a narrow-base
lateral NPN looks like, to your circuit.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) Design, Layout and Fabrication :: 09-11-2012 15:42 :: dick_freebird :: Replies: <strong>4</strong> :: Views: <strong>913</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread263739.html" rel="nofollow">MOSFET burning when a BLDC changes its direction</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">You are best to not exceed the motor current rating as well.. 
Can you drive with <strong>zero</strong> Volt by shorting Motor with no Voltage applied then remove short then apply reverse voltage in rapid sequence?

The FETs ON resistance ~5 mOhm,  if much <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> ESR of the motor then most of the energy will be dissipated in the motor., but that may still (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Power Electronics :: 08-28-2012 15:44 :: SunnySkyguy :: Replies: <strong>8</strong> :: Views: <strong>1880</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread261608.html" rel="nofollow">Convert Pulse Train w/ both positive and negative pulse</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">The easiest way is to level-shift the pulse train up into the positive region. 

Attenuate as necessary so it ranges from <strong>zero</strong> to 5V (or your supply V).

Incoming positive pulses will become higher <strong>than</strong> V/2. 
Incoming negative pulses will become <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> V/2.
Idle periods will be at about V/2.

You must set thresholds for (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; PLD, SPLD, GAL, CPLD, FPGA Design :: 08-03-2012 19:08 :: BradtheRad :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>1314</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread252491.html" rel="nofollow">Use of negative value in duty cycle for mppt</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">hi guys,
 
I am doing a fuzzy based mppt controller for PV array. now from different sources i have seen that the output membership function which is duty cycle is in a range of -4 to +4, now my question is that if we need a value of <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> as duty cycle to get mppt, then how to use that negative voltage as duty cycle because duty (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Microcontrollers :: 05-16-2012 18:31 :: hridz :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>547</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread242053.html" rel="nofollow">Solid state relay vs mosfet + opto isolator + driver</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">SSRs often use Triacs or SCRs, not just MOSFETS.  You MIGHT be able to design a <strong>less</strong> expensive discrete solution, but other nice features like <strong>zero</strong>-crossing, etc. will add complexity.  You need to consider the tradeoffs.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 02-24-2012 13:19 :: barry :: Replies: <strong>21</strong> :: Views: <strong>10024</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread241917.html" rel="nofollow">multiply real with std_logic_vector</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hi vivo_m,

This may helps you...

 

there is no other direct function for the same.... if you are using the real number which is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> will round as 0 only.

there are other method which will consider the decimal part,</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; PLD, SPLD, GAL, CPLD, FPGA Design :: 02-23-2012 12:42 :: imbichie :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>1716</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread228877.html" rel="nofollow">sampling theorem.............</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Sampling at 2x the maximum frequency does not guarantee signal reconstruction. At best it will detect the presence of the maximum frequency Fourier component , but the amplitude estimation is not guaranteed. It can vary from <strong>zero</strong> to the actual amplitude of the fmax Fourier component. (depends on the sampling phase, Sampling at <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 2x (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital Signal Processing :: 01-23-2012 19:06 :: klystron :: Replies: <strong>9</strong> :: Views: <strong>1462</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread228171.html" rel="nofollow">need help in decision making</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">For example you are using BPSK modulation, and the bits after decoder is between  i.e -0.593 -0.29 etc.
So if the symbols are greater <strong>than</strong> 0, it is 1
if it is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> it is -1 this is what we call hard decis.
This is same for all coding types if you use BPSK modulation..</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital communication :: 10-18-2011 15:28 :: lapolm :: Replies: <strong>5</strong> :: Views: <strong>953</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread213402.html" rel="nofollow">one transistor forward converter...or flyback?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">For the same power ratings, transformer size of forward converter is smaller <strong>than</strong> flyback. Output current ripples in forward converter is also <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> flyback. In CCM mode, right half plane <strong>zero</strong> in flyback poses a control challenge.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Power Electronics :: 05-31-2011 12:19 :: u04f061 :: Replies: <strong>23</strong> :: Views: <strong>5057</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread206048.html" rel="nofollow">Dead time in Full Bridge Converter</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">It takes 1uS for 4 amp to ramp down to <strong>zero</strong> with 40 volt drive on 10uH leakage, and a further 1uS to ramp up again to 4 amp with 40 volt of drive, you are seeing the net effect of leakage inductance impedance opposing the AC current you are trying to push through the transformer.

While the current thru the Tx is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> the current in (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Power Electronics :: 03-18-2011 06:55 :: Orson Cart :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>3377</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread194385.html" rel="nofollow">Double condition in a matrix</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hi there,

I would like to impose two condition on a matrix

1. if the value is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> -1, then the value of respective element will be <strong>zero</strong>
2. if the value is greater <strong>than</strong> 1, then the value of respective element will be <strong>zero</strong>

I need to do it by one command (I don't want to use for loop since it (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital communication :: 11-25-2010 21:06 :: tombraided :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>703</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread189955.html" rel="nofollow">Radio button in Matlab GUI</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">hello;

How to set a radio button in matlab gui to be automatically change its value property condition?

For example:
if 1 is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong>, the value property of radio button will automatically change to "1"
if not, the value property of radio button is still on "0" condition
Please help me</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital Signal Processing :: 10-08-2010 14:16 :: fikrul :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>7563</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread185853.html" rel="nofollow">S21 is less than zero when designing a AsGa PA,is all right?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hi:


I am designing a 2.4GHz PA using AsGa, but the S21 is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong>.

I want to know whether it is normal?

<strong>than</strong>ks very much!!</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; RF, Microwave, Antennas and Optics :: 08-20-2010 14:41 :: contral :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>702</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
								<div class="result_box">
			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread181557.html" rel="nofollow">how to use the switch in analoglib</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Think of it as a relay, like it looks. If you don't edit the von, voff 
properties then it simply closes when the control terminal 
difference is greater <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong>. 

However changing the properties to make it open / close 
over a finte range, and have finite non<strong>zero</strong> conductance
in both states will make it <strong>less</strong> "ideal" (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) Design, Layout and Fabrication :: 06-26-2010 01:52 :: dick_freebird :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>1859</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread180590.html" rel="nofollow">Which signal consumes the less bandwidth?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Hello, I wonder which of the two signals consume the <strong>less</strong> bandwidth:

1. An unmodulated carrier of low phase noise (eg. 130dBc @ 1KHz)

2. A single sideband suppress carrier signal (eg. USB) modulated by a single 1KHz tone.



I am trying to key a transmitter on CW or CDW using the <strong>less</strong> possible bandwidth. Should I just switch on/off the ca</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; RF, Microwave, Antennas and Optics :: 06-14-2010 06:37 :: neazoi :: Replies: <strong>7</strong> :: Views: <strong>1077</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread178065.html" rel="nofollow">Mosfet won't mirror the signal from the PWM controller in a flyback SMPS</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">The <strong>zero</strong> mains voltage waveform is more or <strong>less</strong> meaning<strong>less</strong>, but it doesn't seem wrong anyhow. The 10V AC waveform shows the 
output transistor in operation. You must consider, that you won't see a squarewave at this high operation frequency 
rather <strong>than</strong> soft, resonant switching. Most likely the waveform shows regular behaviour.</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 05-12-2010 21:24 :: FvM :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>1785</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread162837.html" rel="nofollow">jfet - what is pinch off? why current &lt;&gt; zero if vds&g</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">what is pinch off?
and why current is not <strong>zero</strong> if vds &#8805; (vgs-vp)?

A JFET operates by shutting off an already formed channel between source and drain in the transistor, unlike a MOSFET where the gate voltage creates a channel between source and drain.

I think you mean vds <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> vgs-vp.  The drain to source in</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 11-15-2009 12:18 :: snafflekid :: Replies: <strong>1</strong> :: Views: <strong>1973</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread151653.html" rel="nofollow">Relay Interfacing with 8051 Controller</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">But the problem is I couldnot get <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 2V when microcontroller is active(that is when inputs are applied). I am using AT89S51.
It's output is working on logic <strong>zero</strong>.
I want to get <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 1V to properly operate the relay.
try a 4.7K resistor instead of the 1K resistor you are using. (between the (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Microcontrollers :: 06-20-2009 23:11 :: ctownsend :: Replies: <strong>9</strong> :: Views: <strong>16964</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread151468.html" rel="nofollow">Looking for topics related to FPGA verification for thesis</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">You may want to take a look at:

# The purpose of this verification project is to verify an AIS detect DUT. The DUT detects AIS as explained below:
# The DUT declares an AIS if there are <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> two <strong>zero</strong> bits in last two sequences of 512 bits in an input stream.
# The input stream is recieved via a simple interface: data byte and data (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; PLD, SPLD, GAL, CPLD, FPGA Design :: 06-18-2009 06:08 :: pini_1 :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>1705</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread149440.html" rel="nofollow">Analog signal to Digtal system</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">The negative 3 V will be a problem; clamp the input with a suitable diode.
The FPGA will "read" the input voltage of more <strong>than</strong> 2.3 V as a binary 1 and <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 2.2 V as a <strong>zero</strong></div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 05-19-2009 15:30 :: klystron :: Replies: <strong>4</strong> :: Views: <strong>1284</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread134802.html" rel="nofollow">Satellite dish...why some dish perform better than others?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">In the last years, i have found that some antennas with <strong>less</strong> gain (or size) can equal to a offset dish with bigger gain/size...why does this happens?


I give three At just 43cm, this powerful dish offers the performance of an offset 60cm dish.
Gain (dB): 33.0"

</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; RF, Microwave, Antennas and Optics :: 09-20-2008 16:21 :: nadabro :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>1992</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread116942.html" rel="nofollow">sound level meter  problem</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">Sound signal power is not accumulative, means that the pressure would not add more if we apply more sound. So, in this case, if the ambient sound is already 40dB, <strong>than</strong> you cannot measure sound <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> that. Different from light, if you measure the ambient is about 1Cd, a 0,5Cd light can be measure by offset <strong>zero</strong> the (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Mathematics and Physics :: 02-08-2008 09:28 :: rikie_rizza :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>1422</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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			<div class="content_header">
				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread101562.html" rel="nofollow">a simple circuit question</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">The two figures are DEFINITELY NOT THE SAME!

Figure A has positive feedback greater <strong>than</strong> unity and will tend to either collapse to the <strong>zero</strong> current state or increase to an extremely high current state.

Figure B has positive feedback <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> unity and will tend to go to the expected current state, as long as there is (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 07-18-2007 19:21 :: JPR :: Replies: <strong>15</strong> :: Views: <strong>1754</strong>
			</div>
		</div>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread100732.html" rel="nofollow">How to define convergence when using a simulator?</a></h2></div>
			</div>
			<div class="content_text">As far as I know, convergence refers to having a solution which results in an error which is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> the target. In a circuit simulator, the routine is trying to solve for the node voltages while trying to make sure that algebraic sum of currents into that node is <strong>zero</strong> (Kirchoff's Current Law - KCL). Instead of <strong>zero</strong>, a (...)</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 07-09-2007 01:26 :: v_c :: Replies: <strong>2</strong> :: Views: <strong>953</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread96635.html" rel="nofollow">Question about level49 bsim3v3 model!</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">Hello, everyone! I have a level49 bsim3v3 mos model. I use it to simulate some circuits using hspice. But the .lis file shows that fatal: Delta=*** is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> <strong>zero</strong> when some w and l is used. But other w and l is ok. Could anynoe tell me why?
<strong>than</strong>ks very much!

Regards!</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 05-20-2007 12:45 :: colinwang :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>986</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread93238.html" rel="nofollow">What is the input offset voltage	in an opamp?</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">Input offset voltage is the voltages aplied to the inputs of OP amp so as to take out <strong>zero</strong> voltage from the output of it. Normally, it is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 1 mV, a noise level.</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 04-11-2007 11:31 :: yjkwon57 :: Replies: <strong>7</strong> :: Views: <strong>2858</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread91067.html" rel="nofollow">What's the difference between non return to zero(nrz) and return to zero(rz) waveform</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">I think RZ is having more BER <strong>than</strong> NRZ.

Manchester is having very <strong>less</strong> BER compared to other line coding schemes.

Regards,
tarak</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital communication :: 03-18-2007 04:18 :: tarakapraveen :: Replies: <strong>3</strong> :: Views: <strong>12907</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread55143.html" rel="nofollow">How to properly do AC open loop LDO simulation?</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">1/(C_OL*L_OL)^0.5 must be <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> simulation min. frequency.</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Circuit Design :: 01-22-2007 14:39 :: mark_nctu :: Replies: <strong>23</strong> :: Views: <strong>9754</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread79084.html" rel="nofollow">Looking for a very low leakage mosfet</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">can anyone help me to find very low leakage mosfet ? 
<strong>zero</strong> gate voltage drain current should be <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 100 na.


<strong>than</strong>ks</div> 
			<div class="content_info">
				&nbsp;&nbsp; Professional Hardware and Electronics Design :: 11-01-2006 09:55 :: mystery :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>2031</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread71623.html" rel="nofollow">auto Detection of the devices on the microcontroller</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">For the analog signals, it is easy: the 4-20mA range actually was designed especially to allow you to distinguish a loss of signal from a <strong>zero</strong> signal.  Therefore, if you measure something that is much <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 4mA, you know there is no sensor present (or the wires are broken or shorted).

For the digital signals you are describing, things (...)</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Professional Hardware and Electronics Design :: 08-09-2006 22:49 :: VVV :: Replies: <strong>2</strong> :: Views: <strong>1564</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread69236.html" rel="nofollow">Can the noise figure of an amplifier be less than unity?</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">Can the noise figure of an amplifier be <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> unity? as i made ADS simulation of noise, and obtain NF in values sometimes <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> unity.. what's its units ? dB or ratio?

Also, how can it be <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> one?!?!?! 

<strong>than</strong>ks in advance,
Ahmad,</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; RF, Microwave, Antennas and Optics :: 07-10-2006 01:01 :: ahmad_abdulghany :: Replies: <strong>2</strong> :: Views: <strong>1649</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread61380.html" rel="nofollow">Supply independent current?</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">Mosfet are a active load

BJT are the current, but the right one has a <strong>less</strong> current <strong>than</strong> the other one.</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Elementary Electronic Questions :: 04-06-2006 15:12 :: Miguel Gaspar :: Replies: <strong>5</strong> :: Views: <strong>1209</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread56518.html" rel="nofollow">Difference between zero-forcing algo and MSE algo</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">The structure of the two algorithms are similar, but multiplications in ZF are simpler (one of the terms comes from a small set of values).
Their convergence properties are different: A necessary condition for the convergence of the ZF algorithm is that the eye must be initially open (peak ISI <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> 1). MSE algorithm does not have this type of</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Digital communication :: 02-17-2006 18:49 :: zorro :: Replies: <strong>11</strong> :: Views: <strong>4830</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread50142.html" rel="nofollow">Power Modelling of embedded SRAM</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">Dear all,

   I am doing a project titled "Power Modelling of embedded SRAM". There are 2 types of SRAM cells that I need to take care of one is the standard SRAM and the other is the assymetric SRAM cell (where writing a <strong>zero</strong> is significantly <strong>less</strong> energy consuming <strong>than</strong> writing a one). The model should provide an estimate of the power (...)</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Analog Integrated Circuit (IC) Design, Layout and Fabrication :: 11-17-2005 15:29 :: kamesh419 :: Replies: <strong>0</strong> :: Views: <strong>892</strong>
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				<div class="content_title"><h2><a href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread42297.html" rel="nofollow">Please recommend an IC</a></h2></div>
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			<div class="content_text">hi,
      I need an IC which can perform the following function.
      (1) Just ONE voltage input, Vin.
      (2) Just ONE voltage output, Vout.
      (3) If Vin is <strong>less</strong> <strong>than</strong> a threshold (say, 1.8V), Vout is <strong>zero</strong>.
      (4) If Vin is larger <strong>than</strong> this threshold, Vout = Vin.
      I have considered to use a voltage (...)</div> 
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				&nbsp;&nbsp; Hobby Circuits and Small Projects Problems :: 07-19-2005 06:16 :: air2008 :: Replies: <strong>6</strong> :: Views: <strong>1094</strong>
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